Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of a typical aviation Safety Management System (SMS)?

• A. Safety Policy and Objectives
• B. Safety Risk Management
• C. Safety Assurance
• D. Incident Reporting

Answer: (D)

Aviation SMS is built on four pillars: Safety Policy and Objectives provide leadership and direction; Safety Risk Management is the process for identifying hazards and evaluating and mitigating risk; Safety Assurance covers ongoing monitoring, audits, and verification of safety performance; and Safety Promotion focuses on training, communication, and fostering a safety culture. Incident reporting is a crucial activity that supplies data for learning and improvement, but it’s not a separate pillar. It feeds into the other pillars—especially Safety Assurance and Safety Promotion—yet it isn’t listed as one of the four components itself.